Author: Fukushima, K.
Title: A Neural Network for Visual Pattern Recognition
Publication: IEEE Computer, 21, No. 3, pp. 65-75
Date: 1988
Publisher:
Fukushima has brought adaptive feedback to a new level in his implementation of a neural network for recognizing imaginal input. The images the network is trained to recognize are characters such as the complex Japanese Kanji pictographs and the kana alphabets. The performance of Fukushima’s machines bespeaks the validity of his approach.
neural networks
perception
pattern recognition
system engineering
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Context — The Phenomenon
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Bibliography
The End of Code
AI Apps and Processes
[Domingos 2015] The Master Algorithm
[Schroeder 1991]
The Game of Meanings
Cybernetic Modeling
[Scott 1995]
[Seely Brown 1989]
[Selfridge 1958]
[Feldman 1989]
[Shortliffe 1976]
[Martin, 1996]
Natural Language and Dialog
[Fodor 1983]
[Singh 1966]
[Fukushima 1988]
[Skinner 1971]
[Gardner 1985]
[Slagle 1963]
[Gear 1969]
[Kurzweil 1990]
Canonical Modeling
Fuzzy Logic and the Mind-Brain Dichotomy
[Gelernter 1988]
[Slagle 1971]
[Genesereth 1987]
[Slocum 1985]
Glossary
[Kuffler 1984]
[Giarratano 1989]
[Small 1980]
[Gluhbegovic 1980]
[Soames 1979]
[Sootin 1958]
[Goldberg 1989]
[Sowa 1984]
[Golden 1988]
[Adams 1982] Life the Universe and Everything
[Sprague 1986]
Neurons
[Markoff 2015] Machines of Loving Grace
[Gonda 1949]
[Squire 1987]
Biological Networking
[Graesser 1990]
[St. Augustine 1952]
Biological Brains
[Greenfield 1995]
[Stapp 1993]
IKEWork
[Samit 2015]
[Adams 1986] Hitchhiker's Guide
[Grishman 1986]
[Wierzbicka 1996]
[Martinez 2009]
[Adams 1996]
[Grossberg 1976]
[Goddard 1997]
[Grosz 1986]
[Robbins 2014]
[Guilford 1978]
[Hawkins 2004]
[Hameroff 1982]
[Aho 1972]
[Hammond 1970]
[Hammond 1988]
[Steinert 1988]
[Ahuja 1986]
[Hanson 1987]
[Stemberger 1988]
[Alberts 1989]
[Erdelyi 1996]
[Harris 1987]
[Stevens 1988]
[Allen 1987]
[Harris 1988]
[Stevens 1989]
[Anderson 1983]
[Chisholm 2004]
[Stich 1996]
[Anderson 1988]
[Hawking 1988]
[Stillings 1987]
[Eagleman 2012]
[Haynes 1982]
[Kant 1781]
[Aristotle (1) 1952]
[Stone 1987]
[Aristotle (2) 1952]
[Heath 1983]
[Suchman 1987]
[Aristotle (3) 1952]
[Hebb 1949]
[Swaine 1988]
[Searle 1980]
[Aristotle (4) 1952]
[Tanimoto 1987]
[Hewitt 1986]
[Aristotle (5) 1952]
[Thompson 1991]
Memory
[Aristotle (6) 1952]
[Hinton 1984]
[Thorndyke 1979]
[Arwood 1983]
[Hirst 1987]
[Bailey 1996]
[Tomita 1986]
NISO 2004
[Hodgkin 1964]
[Ballard 1982]
[Tou 1974]
[Holland 1975]
[Barr 1981]
[Trinkaus 1985]
[Hubel 1962]
Associationism
[Barr 1982]
[Turing 1936]
[Barr 1989]
[Hubel 1968]
[Valiant 1994]
[Jakus 2013] Concepts Ontologies and Knowledge Representation
[Barry 1996]
[Hubel 1979]
[Van Brunt 1985]
[Gómez-Pérez 2002] Ontology languages for the semantic web
[Bartlett 1932]
[Hubel 1988]
[von der Malsburg 1973]
[Baumgartner 1995]
[Hwang 1985]
[von Neumann 1958]
Perception and Cognition
[Bienenstock 1982]
[Waltz1975]
Connectionism
[Hwang 1989]
[Weiss 1984]
[Bobrow 1975]
[Hyams 1986]
[Wiener 1961]
[Booch 1986]
[Jackendoff 1972]
[Panksepp 1998]
[Williams 1975]
Computing
[James 1890]
[Bresnan 1978]
[Winograd 1983]
[Jamieson 1987]
[Moses et al BC]
[Aceto 2007] Reactive Systems: Modelling Specification and Verification
[Scott 1976] Type Lattices
[Winston 1975]
[Boyle 1996]
[Jappinen 1986]
[McCreary 2014] NoSQL
[Winston 1984]
[Calvin 1996]
[Jorgensen 1973]
[Zechmeister 1982]
[Campbell 1989]
[Kac 1978]
[Descartes 1628]
[Capra 1996]
[Kandel 1985]
AI Modeling
[Carpenter 1978]
[Kater 1985]
[Zand 1997]
[Kintsch 1988]
[Carpenter 1988]
Natural Language
[Koestler 1967]
Table of Context
[Carrico 1989]
[Casti 1996]
Neural Networks
[Dechter 1989]
[Cater 1983]
[Cater 1984]
[Lamb 1964]
[Caudill 1989]
[Lamb 1966]
[Cercone 1984]
Neurons
[Charniak 1987]
[LeDoux 1996]
[Chomsky 1968]
Neuroscience
[Linck 1982]
[Merker 2015]
[Chomsky 1986]
[Linck 1989]
[Chorafas 1992]
[Llinás 1989]
Objects
[Churchland 1986]
[Cambria 2009]
[Locke 1689]
Parallel Computing
[Lucky 1989]
[Palladino 1999]
Registration
Neuropathology
[Macaulay 1988]
[McChrystal 2015]
Pattern Recognition
[Fogel 2002]
[MacLennan 1987]
[Davies 2009] Semantic Knowledge Management
[Marr 1982]
Perception
[GRUNWALD 2003]
[Matsumoto 1983]
[Singh 2004] Computing commonsense
[Pinker 1999]
[Matsumoto 1987]
Philosophy
[Deacon 1997]
[Hockney 1988]
[Mauldin 1991]
[Roshen 2009]
[May 1985]
[McClelland 1981]
System Engineering
[Mountcastle 1978]
[McCulloch 1943]
Physics
[Mel'cuk 1987]
[McCarthy 1959] Programs with commonsense
[Menyuk 1988]
[Scoble 2014] Age of Context
[Fiammante 2010]
[De Valois 1982]
[Michalski 1986]
[Kelly 2013]
[Miller 1976]
[Davidson 2003]
[Minsky 1968]
[Fingar 2015]
[Mitrović 1998]
Probability
[Nguyen 2006]
[Minsky 1969]
[Allemang 2011]
[Churchland 1989]
[Minsky 1975]
[Carbon 2012]
[Cofer 1976]
[Kallenberg 2010]
[Minsky 1986]
[Cohen 1982]
[Haley 2008]
[Montgomery 1989]
[Cooper 1985]
[Olofsson 2005]
[McMillan 2012]
[Nadel 1989]
[Cooper 1996]
[Nagel 1986]
[Blackwell 2009]
[Corsi 1991]
[Muehlhauser 2013]
[Nathanson 1989]
[Cottrell 1987]
Psychology
[Hilbert 2011]
[Negroponte 1995]
[Rochat 2003]
[Crane 1981]
[Huang 2007] Pragmatics
[Inmon 2015]
[Newell 1962]
[Cromer 1997]
[Nilsson 1982]
Rules
[Glass 2015]
[Czarnecki 2015]
[Curtis 1990]
[Nirenburg 1987]
[DeValois 1965]
[Niven 1974]
[Laguna 2004]
[Wysocki 1997]
[Dennett 1978]
[Nolte 1981]
[Dennett 1991]
[O'Keefe 1989]
[DeRose 1988]
[O'Leary 1987]
Science Fiction
[Desrochers 1987]
[Obermeier 1988]
[Devlin 1997]
[Donald 1991]
[Okunishi 1987]
Syntax-Semantics
[Dressler 1988]
[Saussure 1974]
[Dreyfus 1986]
[Orfali 1996]
Words and Morphology
Formal Logic
[Duda 1973]
[Pansky 1988]
[Elman 1988]
[Pao 1989]
Taxonomy-Ontology
[Entsminger 1995]
[Papert 1980]
[Feigenbaum 1963]
[Pereira 1986]
[Fensel 2004]
[Peters 1991]
[Feigenbaum 1983]
[Pickover 1990]
[Goethe 1948]
[Feldman 1982]
[Pinker 1984]
[Glimcher 2003]
[Plato 1952]
Vision
[Plato 1952 (2)]
[Robinson 2010]
[Prerau 1990]
[Kafatos 1990]
[Pylyshyn 1984]
[Gleiser 1997]
[Ranka 1988]
[Lenat 1989]
[Rosenblatt 1958]
[Rosenthal 1977]
[Rumelhart 1986]
[Sanders 1988]
Context — The Phenomenon
Blog
[Schank 1972]
[Coulson 2001] Semantic Leaps
[van Eijck 2010]
[Schank 1973]
[Forgy 1982]
[Schank 1976]
[Schank 1986]
Bibliography
The End of Code
AI Apps and Processes
[Domingos 2015] The Master Algorithm
[Schroeder 1991]
The Game of Meanings
Cybernetic Modeling
[Scott 1995]
[Seely Brown 1989]
[Selfridge 1958]
[Feldman 1989]
[Shortliffe 1976]
[Martin, 1996]
Natural Language and Dialog
[Fodor 1983]
[Singh 1966]
[Fukushima 1988]
[Skinner 1971]
[Gardner 1985]
[Slagle 1963]
[Gear 1969]
[Kurzweil 1990]
Canonical Modeling
Fuzzy Logic and the Mind-Brain Dichotomy
[Gelernter 1988]
[Slagle 1971]
[Genesereth 1987]
[Slocum 1985]
Glossary
[Kuffler 1984]
[Giarratano 1989]
[Small 1980]
[Gluhbegovic 1980]
[Soames 1979]
[Sootin 1958]
[Goldberg 1989]
[Sowa 1984]
[Golden 1988]
[Adams 1982] Life the Universe and Everything
[Sprague 1986]
Neurons
[Markoff 2015] Machines of Loving Grace
[Gonda 1949]
[Squire 1987]
Biological Networking
[Graesser 1990]
[St. Augustine 1952]
Biological Brains
[Greenfield 1995]
[Stapp 1993]
IKEWork
[Samit 2015]
[Adams 1986] Hitchhiker's Guide
[Grishman 1986]
[Wierzbicka 1996]
[Martinez 2009]
[Adams 1996]
[Grossberg 1976]
[Goddard 1997]
[Grosz 1986]
[Robbins 2014]
[Guilford 1978]
[Hawkins 2004]
[Hameroff 1982]
[Aho 1972]
[Hammond 1970]
[Hammond 1988]
[Steinert 1988]
[Ahuja 1986]
[Hanson 1987]
[Stemberger 1988]
[Alberts 1989]
[Erdelyi 1996]
[Harris 1987]
[Stevens 1988]
[Allen 1987]
[Harris 1988]
[Stevens 1989]
[Anderson 1983]
[Chisholm 2004]
[Stich 1996]
[Anderson 1988]
[Hawking 1988]
[Stillings 1987]
[Eagleman 2012]
[Haynes 1982]
[Kant 1781]
[Aristotle (1) 1952]
[Stone 1987]
[Aristotle (2) 1952]
[Heath 1983]
[Suchman 1987]
[Aristotle (3) 1952]
[Hebb 1949]
[Swaine 1988]
[Searle 1980]
[Aristotle (4) 1952]
[Tanimoto 1987]
[Hewitt 1986]
[Aristotle (5) 1952]
[Thompson 1991]
Memory
[Aristotle (6) 1952]
[Hinton 1984]
[Thorndyke 1979]
[Arwood 1983]
[Hirst 1987]
[Bailey 1996]
[Tomita 1986]
NISO 2004
[Hodgkin 1964]
[Ballard 1982]
[Tou 1974]
[Holland 1975]
[Barr 1981]
[Trinkaus 1985]
[Hubel 1962]
Associationism
[Barr 1982]
[Turing 1936]
[Barr 1989]
[Hubel 1968]
[Valiant 1994]
[Jakus 2013] Concepts Ontologies and Knowledge Representation
[Barry 1996]
[Hubel 1979]
[Van Brunt 1985]
[Gómez-Pérez 2002] Ontology languages for the semantic web
[Bartlett 1932]
[Hubel 1988]
[von der Malsburg 1973]
[Baumgartner 1995]
[Hwang 1985]
[von Neumann 1958]
Perception and Cognition
[Bienenstock 1982]
[Waltz1975]
Connectionism
[Hwang 1989]
[Weiss 1984]
[Bobrow 1975]
[Hyams 1986]
[Wiener 1961]
[Booch 1986]
[Jackendoff 1972]
[Panksepp 1998]
[Williams 1975]
Computing
[James 1890]
[Bresnan 1978]
[Winograd 1983]
[Jamieson 1987]
[Moses et al BC]
[Aceto 2007] Reactive Systems: Modelling Specification and Verification
[Scott 1976] Type Lattices
[Winston 1975]
[Boyle 1996]
[Jappinen 1986]
[McCreary 2014] NoSQL
[Winston 1984]
[Calvin 1996]
[Jorgensen 1973]
[Zechmeister 1982]
[Campbell 1989]
[Kac 1978]
[Descartes 1628]
[Capra 1996]
[Kandel 1985]
AI Modeling
[Carpenter 1978]
[Kater 1985]
[Zand 1997]
[Kintsch 1988]
[Carpenter 1988]
Natural Language
[Koestler 1967]
Table of Context
[Carrico 1989]
[Casti 1996]
Neural Networks
[Dechter 1989]
[Cater 1983]
[Cater 1984]
[Lamb 1964]
[Caudill 1989]
[Lamb 1966]
[Cercone 1984]
Neurons
[Charniak 1987]
[LeDoux 1996]
[Chomsky 1968]
Neuroscience
[Linck 1982]
[Merker 2015]
[Chomsky 1986]
[Linck 1989]
[Chorafas 1992]
[Llinás 1989]
Objects
[Churchland 1986]
[Cambria 2009]
[Locke 1689]
Parallel Computing
[Lucky 1989]
[Palladino 1999]
Registration
Neuropathology
[Macaulay 1988]
[McChrystal 2015]
Pattern Recognition
[Fogel 2002]
[MacLennan 1987]
[Davies 2009] Semantic Knowledge Management
[Marr 1982]
Perception
[GRUNWALD 2003]
[Matsumoto 1983]
[Singh 2004] Computing commonsense
[Pinker 1999]
[Matsumoto 1987]
Philosophy
[Deacon 1997]
[Hockney 1988]
[Mauldin 1991]
[Roshen 2009]
[May 1985]
[McClelland 1981]
System Engineering
[Mountcastle 1978]
[McCulloch 1943]
Physics
[Mel'cuk 1987]
[McCarthy 1959] Programs with commonsense
[Menyuk 1988]
[Scoble 2014] Age of Context
[Fiammante 2010]
[De Valois 1982]
[Michalski 1986]
[Kelly 2013]
[Miller 1976]
[Davidson 2003]
[Minsky 1968]
[Fingar 2015]
[Mitrović 1998]
Probability
[Nguyen 2006]
[Minsky 1969]
[Allemang 2011]
[Churchland 1989]
[Minsky 1975]
[Carbon 2012]
[Cofer 1976]
[Kallenberg 2010]
[Minsky 1986]
[Cohen 1982]
[Haley 2008]
[Montgomery 1989]
[Cooper 1985]
[Olofsson 2005]
[McMillan 2012]
[Nadel 1989]
[Cooper 1996]
[Nagel 1986]
[Blackwell 2009]
[Corsi 1991]
[Muehlhauser 2013]
[Nathanson 1989]
[Cottrell 1987]
Psychology
[Hilbert 2011]
[Negroponte 1995]
[Rochat 2003]
[Crane 1981]
[Huang 2007] Pragmatics
[Inmon 2015]
[Newell 1962]
[Cromer 1997]
[Nilsson 1982]
Rules
[Glass 2015]
[Czarnecki 2015]
[Curtis 1990]
[Nirenburg 1987]
[DeValois 1965]
[Niven 1974]
[Laguna 2004]
[Wysocki 1997]
[Dennett 1978]
[Nolte 1981]
[Dennett 1991]
[O'Keefe 1989]
[DeRose 1988]
[O'Leary 1987]
Science Fiction
[Desrochers 1987]
[Obermeier 1988]
[Devlin 1997]
[Donald 1991]
[Okunishi 1987]
Syntax-Semantics
[Dressler 1988]
[Saussure 1974]
[Dreyfus 1986]
[Orfali 1996]
Words and Morphology
Formal Logic
[Duda 1973]
[Pansky 1988]
[Elman 1988]
[Pao 1989]
Taxonomy-Ontology
[Entsminger 1995]
[Papert 1980]
[Feigenbaum 1963]
[Pereira 1986]
[Fensel 2004]
[Peters 1991]
[Feigenbaum 1983]
[Pickover 1990]
[Goethe 1948]
[Feldman 1982]
[Pinker 1984]
[Glimcher 2003]
[Plato 1952]
Vision
[Plato 1952 (2)]
[Robinson 2010]
[Prerau 1990]
[Kafatos 1990]
[Pylyshyn 1984]
[Gleiser 1997]
[Ranka 1988]
[Lenat 1989]